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Reducing the digital clutter of chats
by Ploum.net (English posts only) 23 May '25

23 May '25

REDUCING THE DIGITAL CLUTTER OF CHATS by Ploum on 2025-05-23 https://ploum.net/2025-05-23-chats-digital-clutter.html I hate modern chats. They presuppose we are always online, always available to chat. They force us to see and think about them each time we get our eyes on one of our devices. Unlike mailboxes, they are never empty. We can’t even easily search through old messages (unlike the chat providers themselves, which use the logs to learn more about us). Chats are the epitome of the business idiot: they make you always busy but prevent you from thinking and achieving anything. It is quite astonishing to realise that modern chat systems use 100 or 1000 times more resources (in size and computing power) than 30 years ago, that they are less convenient (no custom client, no search) and that they work against us (centralisation, surveillance, ads). But, yay, custom emojis! Do not get me wrong: chats are useful! When you need an immediate interaction or a quick on-the-go message, chats are the best. I needed to keep being able to chat while keeping the digital clutter to a minimal and preserving my own sanity. That’s how I came up with the following rules. Rule 1: One chat to rule them all ================================= One of the biggest problems of centralised chats is that you must be on many of them. I decided to make Signal my main chat and to remove others. Signal was, for me, a good compromise of respecting my privacy, being open source and without ads while still having enough traction that I could convince others to join it. Yes, Signal is centralised and has drawbacks like relying on some Google layers (which I worked around by using Molly-FOSS). I simply do not see XMPP, Matrix or SimpleX becoming popular enough in the short term. Wire and Threema had no advantages over Signal. I could not morally justify using Whatsapp nor Telegram. In 2022, as I decided to use Signal as my main chat, I deleted all accounts but Signal and Whatsapp and disabled every notification from Whatsapp, forcing myself to open it once a week to see if I had missed something important. People who really wanted to reach me quickly understood that it was better to use Signal. This worked so well that I forgot to open Whatsapp for a whole month which was enough for Whatsapp to decide that my account was not active anymore. Le suicide de mon compte WhatsApp (ploum.net) https://ploum.net/le-suicide-de-mon-compte-whatsapp/index.html Not having Whatsapp is probably the best thing which happened to me regarding chats. Suddenly, I was out of tenths or hundreds of group chats. Yes, I missed lots of stuff. But, most importantly, I stopping fearing missing them. Seriously, I never missed having Whatsapp. Not once. Thanks Meta for removing my account! While travelling in Europe, it is now standard that taxi and hotels will chat with you using Whatsapp. Not anymore for me. Guess what? It works just fine. In fact, I suspect it works even better because people are forced to either do what we agreed during our call or to call me, which requires more energy and planning. Rule 2: Mute, mute, mute! ========================= Now that Signal is becoming more popular, some group chats are migrating to it. But I’ve learned the lesson : I’m muting them. This allows me to only see the messages when I really want to look at them. Don’t hesitate to mute vocal group chats and people with whom you don’t need day-to-day interaction. I’m also leaving group chats which are not essential. Whatsapp deletion told me that nearly no group chat is truly essential. Many times, I’ve had people sending me emails about what was told on a group chat because they knew I was not there. Had I been on that group, I would probably have missed the messages but nobody would have cared. If you really want to get in touch with me, send me an email! Rule 3: No read receipts nor typing indicators ============================================== I was busy, walking in the street with my phone in hands for directions. A notification popped up with an important message. It was important but not urgent. I could not deal with the message at that moment. I wanted to take the time. One part of my brain told me not to open the message because, if I did, the sender would see a "read receipt". He would see that I had read the message but would not receive any answer. For him, that would probably translate in "he doesn’t care". I consciously avoided to open Signal until I was back home and could deal with the message. That’s when I realised how invasive the "read receipt" was. I disabled it and never regretted that move. I’m reading messages on my own watch and replying when I want to. Nobody needs to know if I’ve seen the message. It is wrong in every aspect. Signal preferences showing read receipts and typing indicator disabled https://ploum.net/files/signal_receipts.jpg Rule 4: Temporary discussions only ================================== The artist Bruno Leyval, who did the awesome cover of my novel Bikepunk, is obsessed with deletion and disappearance. He set our Signal chat so that every message is deleted after a day. At first, I didn’t see the point. Until I understood that this was not only about privacy, it also was about decluttering our mind, our memories. Since then, I’ve set every chat in Signal to delete messages after one week. Signal preferences showing disappearing messages set to one week https://ploum.net/files/signal_disappearing.jpg This might seem like nothing but this changes everything. Suddenly, chats are not a long history of clutter. Suddenly, you see chats as transient and save things you want to keep. Remember that you can’t search in chats? This means that chats are transient anyway. With most chats, your history is not saved and could be lost by simply dropping your phone on the floor. Something important should be kept in a chat? Save it! But it should probably have been an email. Embracing the transient nature of chat, making it explicit greatly reduce the clutter. Conclusion ========== I know that most of you will say that "That’s nice Ploum but I can’t do that because everybody is on XXX" where XXX is most often Whatsapp in my own circles. But this is wrong: you believe everybody is on XXX because you are yourself using XXX as your main chat. When surveying my students this year, I’ve discovered that nearly half of them was not on Whatsapp. Not for some hard reason but because they never saw the need for it. In fact, they were all spread over Messenger, Instagram, Snap, Whatsapp, Telegram, Discord. And they all believed that "everybody is where I am". In the end, the only real choice to make is between being able to get immediately in touch with a lot of people or having room for your mental space. I choose the latter, you might prefer the former. That’s fine! I still don’t like chat. I’m well aware that the centralised nature of Signal makes it a short-term solution. But I’m not looking for the best sustainable chat. I just want fewer chats in my life. If you want to get in touch, send me an email!

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Goodbye Offpunk, Welcome XKCDpunk!
by Ploum.net (English posts only) 31 Mar '25

31 Mar '25

GOODBYE OFFPUNK, WELCOME XKCDPUNK! by Ploum on 2025-04-01 https://ploum.net/2025-04-01-xkcdpunk.html For the last three years, I’ve been working on Offpunk, a command-line gemini and web browser. Offpunk.net https://offpunk.net While my initial goal was to browse the Geminisphere offline, the mission has slowly morphed into cleaning and unenshitiffying the modern web, offering users a minimalistic way of browsing any website with interesting content. Rendering the Web with Pictures in Your Terminal (ploum.net) https://ploum.net/2022-03-24-ansi_html.html Focusing on essentials ====================== From the start, it was clear that Offpunk would focus on essentials. If a website needs JavaScript to be read, it is considered as non- essential. It worked surprisingly well. In fact, in multiple occurrence, I’ve discovered that some websites work better in Offpunk than in Firefox. I can comfortably read their content in the former, not in the latter. By default, Offpunk blocks domains deemed as nonessentials or too enshitified like twitter, X, facebook, linkedin, tiktok. (those are configurable, of course. Defaults are in offblocklist.py). Cleaning websites, blocking worst offenders. That’s good. But it is only a start. It’s time to go further, to really cut out all the crap from the web. And, honestly, besides XKCD comics, everything is crap on the modern web. > As an online technical discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison with an existing XKCD comic approaches 1. > – XKCD’s law XKCD’s law (ploum.net) https://ploum.net/xkcds-law/index.html If we know that we will end our discussion with an XKCD’s comic, why not cut all the fluff? Why don’t we go straight to the conclusion in a true minimalistic fashion? Introducing XKCDpunk ==================== That’s why I’m proud to announce that, starting with today’s release, Offpunk 2.7 will now be known as XKCDpunk 1.0. Xkcdpunk.net https://xkcdpunk.net XKCDpunk includes a new essential command "xkcd" which, as you guessed, takes an integer as a parameter and display the relevant XKCD comic in your terminal, while caching it to be able to browse it offline. Screenshot of XKCDpunk showing comic 626 https://ploum.net/files/xkcdpunk1.png Of course, this is only an early release. I need to clean a lot of code to remove everything not related to accessing xkcd.com. Every non-xkcd related domain will be added to offblocklist.py. I also need to clean every occurrence of "Offpunk" to change the name. All offpunk.net needs to be migrated to xkcd.net. Roma was not built in one day. Don’t hesitate to install an "offpunk" package, as it will still be called in most distributions. offpunk package versions - Repology (repology.org) https://repology.org/project/offpunk/versions And report bugs on the xkcdpunk’s mailinglist. xkcdpunk-users on lists.sr.ht https://lists.sr.ht/~lioploum/offpunk-users Goodbye Offpunk, welcome XKCDpunk!

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The candid naivety of geeks
by Ploum.net (English posts only) 28 Mar '25

28 Mar '25

THE CANDID NAIVETY OF GEEKS by Ploum on 2025-03-28 https://ploum.net/2025-03-28-geeks-naivety.html I mean, come on! ================ Amazon recently announced that, from now on, everything you say to Alexa will be sent to their server. Pluralistic: Amazon annihilates Alexa privacy settings, turns on continuous, nonconsensual audio uploading (15 Mar 2025) (pluralistic.net) https://pluralistic.net/2025/03/15/altering-the-deal/ What surprised me the most with this announcement is how it was met with surprise and harsh reactions. People felt betrayed. I mean, come on! Did you really think that Amazon was not listening to you before that? Did you really buy an Alexa trusting Amazon to "protect your privacy"? Recently, I came across a comment on Hacker News where the poster defended Apple as protecting privacy of its users because "They market their product as protecting our privacy". I mean, once again, come on! Did you really think that "marketing" is telling the truth? Are you a freshly debarked Thermian? (In case you missed it, this is a Galaxy Quest reference.) The whole point of marketing is to lie, lie and lie again. What is the purpose of that gadget? =================================== The whole point of the whole Amazon Alexa tech stack is to send information to Amazon. That’s the main goal of the thing. The fact that it is sometimes useful to you is a direct consequence of the thing sending information to Amazon. Just like Facebook linking you with friends is a consequence of you giving your information to Meta. Usefulness is only a byproduct of privacy invasion. Having a fine-grained setting enabling "do not send all information to Amazon please" is, at best, wishful thinking. We had the same in the browser ("do-not-track"). It didn’t work. I’ve always been convinced that the tech geeks who bought an Amazon Alexa perfectly knew what they were doing. One of my friends has a Google Echo and justify it with "Google already knows everything about our family through our phones, so I’m trading only a bit more of our privacy for convenience". I don’t agree with him but, at the very least, it’s a logical opinion. We all know that what can be done with a tool will be done eventually. And you should prepare for it. On a side note, I also postulate that the reason Amazon removed that setting is because they were already gathering too much data to justify its existence in case there’s a complaint or an investigation in the future."How did you manage to get those data while your product says it will not send data?". But, once again, any tech person knows that pushing a button in an interface is not a proof of anything in the underlying software. Please stop being naive about Apple =================================== That’s also the point with Apple: Apple is such a big company that the right hand has no idea about what the left hand is doing. Some privacy people are working at Apple and doing good job. But their work is continuously diluted through the interests of quick and cheap production, marketing, release, new features, gathering data for advertising purpose. Apple is not a privacy company and has never been: it is an opportunistic company which advertise privacy when it feels it could help sell more iPhones. But deeply inside, they absolutely don’t care and they will absolutely trade the (very little) privacy they have if it means selling more. Sometimes, geek naivety is embarrassingly stupid. Like "brand loyalty". Marketing lies to you. As a rule of thumb, the bigger the company, the bigger the lie. In tech, there’s no way for a big company to not lie because marketers have no real understanding of they are selling. Do you really think that people who chose to advertise "privacy" at Apple have any strong knowledge about "privacy"? That they could simply give you a definition of "privacy"? I know that intelligent people go to great intellectual contortions to justify buying the latest overpriced spying shiny coloured screen with an apple logo. It looks like most humans actively look to see their freedom restricted. Seirdy calls it "the domestication of users". WhatsApp and the domestication of users (seirdy.one) https://seirdy.one/posts/2021/01/27/whatsapp-and-the-domestication-of-users/ And that’s why I see Apple as a cult: most tech people cannot be reasoned about it. The Cost of Being Convinced (ploum.net) https://ploum.net/the-cost-of-being-convinced/index.html You can’t find a technical solution to a lie ============================================ Bill Cole, contributor to Spamassassin, recently posted on Mastodon that the whole DNS stack to protect spammers was not working. > spammers are more consistent at making SPF, DKIM, and DMARC correct than are legitimate senders. 🆘Bill Cole 🇺🇦: "@jwz@mastodon.social The stats we collect for the…" (toad.social) https://toad.social/@grumpybozo/114213600922816869 It is, once again, a naive approach to spam. The whole stack was designed with the mindset "bad spammers will try to hide themselves". But was is happening in your inbox, really? Most spam is not "black hat spam". It is what I call "white-collar spam": perfectly legitimate company, sending you emails from legitimate address. You slept in a hotel during a business trip? Now you will receive weekly emails about our hotel for the rest of your life. And it is the same for any shop, any outlet, anything you have done. Your inbox is filled with "white-collar" junk. And they know this perfectly well. In Europe, we have a rule, the RGPD, which forbid businesses to keep your data without your express consent. I did the experiment for several months to send a legal threat to every single white-collar spam I received. Guess what: they always replied that it was a mistake, that I was now removed, that it should not have happened, that I checked the box (which was false but how could I prove it?) or even, on one occasion, that they restored a backup containing my email before I unsubscribed (I unsubscribed from that one 10 years before, which makes it very unlikely). In short, they lied. All of them. All of them are spammers and they lie pretending that "they thought you were interested". In one notable case, they told me that they had erased all my data while, still having the cookie on my laptop, I could see and use my account. Thirty days later, I was still connected and I figured that they simply managed to change my user id from "ploum" to "deleted_ploum" in the database. While answering me straight in the face that they had no information about me in their database. Corporations are lying. You must treat every corporate word as a straight lie until proved otherwise. But Ploum, if all marketing is a lie, why trusting Signal? ========================================================== If you can’t trust marketing, why do I use Signal and Protonmail? First of all, Signal is open source. And, yes, I’ve read some of the source code for some feature I was interested in. I’ve also read through some very deep audit of Signal source code. Reviewing the Cryptography Used by Signal (soatok.blog) https://soatok.blog/2025/02/18/reviewing-the-cryptography-used-by-signal/ I’m also trusting the people behind Signal. I’m trusting people who recommend Signal. I’m trusting the way Signal is built. But most importantly, Signal sole existence is to protect privacy of its users. It’s not even a corporation and, yes, this is important. Yes, they could lie in their marketing. Like Telegram did (and still does AFAIK). But this would undermine their sole reason to exist. I don’t say that Signal is perfect: I say I trust them to believe themselves what they announce. For now. What about Protonmail? ====================== For the same reasons, Protonmail can, to some extent, be trusted. Technically, they can access most of the emails of their customers (because those emails arrive unencrypted to PM’s servers). But I trust Protonmail not to sell any data because if there’s any doubt that they do it, the whole business will crumble. They have a strong commercial incentive to do everything they can to protect my data. I pay them for that. It’s not a "checkbox" they could remove, it’s their whole raison d’être. This is also why I pay for Kagi as my search engine: their business incentive is to provide me the best search results with less slop, less advertising. As soon as they start doing some kind of advertising, I will stop paying them and they know it. Or if Kagi starts becoming to AI centric for my taste, like they did for Lori: Why I Lost Faith in Kagi (d-shoot.net) https://d-shoot.net/kagi.html I don’t blindly trust companies. Paying them is not a commitment to obey them, au contraire. Every relation with a commercial entity is, by essence, temporary. I pay for a service with strings attached. If the service degrade, if my conditions are not respected, I stop paying. If I’m not convinced they can be trusted, I stop paying them. I know I can pay and still be the product. If I have any doubt, I don’t pay. I try to find an alternative and migrate to it. Email being critical to me, I always have two accounts on two different trustable providers with an easy migrating path (which boils down to changing my DNS config). Fighting the Androidification ============================= Cory Doctorow speaks a lot about enshitification. Where users are more and more exploited. But one key component of a good enshitification is what I call "Androidification". Androidification is not about degrading the user experience. It’s about closing doors, removing special use cases, being less and less transparent. It’s about taking open source software and frog boiling it to a full closed proprietary state while killing all the competition in the process. Android was, at first, an Open Source project. With each release, it became more closed, more proprietary. As I explain in my "20 years of Linux on the Desktop" essay, I believe it has always been part of the plan. Besides the Linux kernel, Google was always wary not to include any GPL or LGPL licensed library in Android. 20 years of Linux on the Desktop (part 3) (ploum.net) https://ploum.net/2025-03-08-linux_desktop3.html It took them 15 years but they finally achieved killing the Android Open Source Project: Google will develop the Android OS fully in private, here's why (www.androidauthority.com) https://www.androidauthority.com/google-android-development-aosp-3538503/ This is why I’m deeply concerned by the motivation of Canonical to switch Ubuntu’s coreutils to an MIT licensed version. Ubuntu 25.10 plans to swap GNU coreutils for Rust (go.theregister.com) https://go.theregister.com/feed/www.theregister.com/2025/03/19/ubuntu_2510_… This is why I’m deeply concerned that Protonmail quietly removed the issue tracker from its Protonmail Bridge Github page (making the development completely opaque for what is an essential tool for technical Protonmail users). I mean, commons! ================ This whole naivety is also why I’m deeply concerned by very intelligent and smart tech people not understanding what "copyleft" is, why it is different from "open source" and why they should care. We need more of Richard Stallman, not less (ploum.net) https://ploum.net/2023-06-19-more-rms.html Corporations are not your friend. They never were. They lie. The only possible relationship with them is an opportunistic one. And if you one to build commons that they cannot steal, you need strong copyleft. On Open Source and the Sustainability of the Commons (ploum.net) https://ploum.net/2024-07-01-opensource_sustainability.html But firstly, my fellow geeks, you need to lose your candid naivety. I mean, come on, let’s build the commons!

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20 years of Linux on the Desktop (part 3)
by Ploum.net (English posts only) 08 Mar '25

08 Mar '25

20 YEARS OF LINUX ON THE DESKTOP (PART 3) by Ploum on 2025-03-08 https://ploum.net/2025-03-08-linux_desktop3.html > Previously in "20 years of Linux on the Deskop": After contributing to the launch of Ubuntu as the "perfect Linux desktop", Ploum realises that Ubuntu is drifting away from both Debian and GNOME. But something else is about to shake the world… 20 years of Linux on the Desktop (part 1) https://ploum.net/2024-10-20-20years-linux-desktop-part1.html 20 years of Linux on the Desktop (part 2) https://ploum.net/2024-12-16-linux_desktop2.html The new mobile paradigm ======================= While I was focused on Ubuntu as a desktop solution, another GNOME+Debian product had appeared and was shaking the small free software world: Maemo. It will come as a shock for the youngest but this was a time without smartphones (yes, we had electricity and, no, dinosaurs were already extinct, please keep playing Pokémon instead of interrupting me). Mobile phones were still quite new and doing exactly two things: calls and SMSes. In fact, they were sold as calling machines and the SMS frenzy, which was just a technical hack around the GSM protocol, took everybody by surprise, including operators. Were people really using awkward cramped keyboard to send themselves flood of small messages? Small pocket computers with tiny keyboard started to appear. There were using proprietary operating systems like WinCE or Symbian and browsing a mobile version of the web, called "WAP", that required specific WAP sites and that nobody used. The Blackberry was so proprietary that it had its own proprietary network. It was particularly popular amongst business people that wanted to look serious. Obama was famously addicted to his Blackberry to the point that the firm had to create a secure proprietary network only for him once he took office in the White House. But like others, Blackberries were very limited, with very limited software. Nothing like a laptop computer. N770, the precursor =================== In 2005, Nokia very quietly launched the N770 as an experiment. Unlike its competitors, it has no keyboard but a wide screen that could be used with a stylus. Inside was running a Debian system with an interface based on GNOME: Maemo. The N770, browsing Wikipedia https://ploum.net/files/old/Nokia770-fi-wiki-600x450.jpg Instead of doing all the development in-house, Nokia was toying with free software. Most of the software work was done by small European companies created by free software hackers between 2004 and 2005. Those companies, often created specifically to work with Nokia, were only a handful of people each and had very narrow expertise. Fluendo was working on the media framework GStreamer. Immendio was working on the GTK user interface layer. Collabora was focusing on messaging software. Etc. Far from the hegemony of American giant monopolists, the N770 was a mostly European attempt at innovating through a collaborative network of smaller and creative actors, everything led by the giant Nokia. During FOSDEM 2005, GNOME developer Vincent Untz lent me a N770 prototype for two days. The first night was a dream come true: I was laying in bed, chatting on IRC and reading forums. Once the N770 was publicly released, I immediately bought my own. While standing in line in the bakery one Sunday morning, I discovered that there was an unprotected wifi. I used it to post a message on the Linuxfr website telling my fellow geeks that I was waiting for my croissants and could still chat with them thanks to free software. Those days, chatting while waiting in a queue has been normalised to the point you remark someone not doing it. But, in 2005, this was brand new. So new that it started a running meme about "Ploum’s baker" on Linuxfr. Twenty years later, some people that I meet for the first time still greet me with "say hello to your baker" when they learn who I am. For the record, the baker, an already-old woman at the time of the original post, retired a couple years later and the whole building was demolished to give place to a motorbike shop. This anecdote highlights a huge flaw of the N770: without wifi, it was a dead weight. When I showed it to people, they didn’t understand what it was, they asked why I would carry it if I could not make calls with it. Not being able to use the Internet without a wifi was a huge miss but, to be fair, 3G didn’t exist yet. Another flaw was that installing new software was far from being user-friendly. Being based on Debian, Maemo was offering a Synaptic-like interface where you had to select your software in a very long list of .deb packages, including the technical libraries. Also, it was slow and prone to crash but that could be solved. Having played with the N770 in my bed and having seen the reactions of people around me when I used it, I knew that the N770 could become a worldwide hit. It was literally the future. There were only two things that Nokia needed to solve: make it a phone and make it easy to install new software. Also, if it could crash less, that would be perfect. The Nokia (un)management guide to failure ========================================= But development seemed to stall. It would take more than two years for Nokia to successively release two successors to the N770: the N800 and the N810. But, besides some better performance, none of the core issues were addressed. None of those were phones. None of those offered easy installation of software. None were widely released. In fact, it was so confidential that you could only buy them through the Nokia website of some specific countries. The items were not in traditional shops nor catalogues. When I asked my employer to get a N810, the purchasing department was unable to find a reference: it didn’t exist for them. Tired by multiple days of discussion with the purchasing administration, my boss gave me his own credit card, asked me to purchase it on the Nokia website and made a "diverse material expense" to be reimbursed. The thing was simply not available to businesses. It was like Nokia wanted Maemo to fail at all cost. While the N800 and N810 were released, a new device appeared on the market: the Apple iPhone. I said that the problem with the N770 is that you had to carry a phone with it. Steve Jobs had come to the same conclusion with the iPod. People had to carry an iPod and a phone. So he added the phone to the iPod. It should be highlighted that the success of the iPhone took everyone by surprise, including Steve Jobs himself. The original iPhone was envisioned as an iPod and nothing else. There was no app, no app store, no customisation (Steve Jobs was against it). It was nevertheless a hit because you could make calls, listen to music and Apple spent a fortune in marketing to advertise it worldwide. The marketing frenzy was crazy. Multiple people that knew I was "good with computers" asked me if I could unlock the iPhone they bought in the USA and which was not working in Europe (I could not). They spent a fortune on a device that was not working. Those having one were showing it to everyone. With the iPhone, you had music listening and a phone on one single device. In theory, you could also browse the web. Of course, there was no 3G so browsing the web was mostly done through wifi, like the N770. But, at the time, websites were done with wide screens in mind and Flash was all the rage. The iPhone was not supporting Flash and the screen was vertical, which made web browsing a lot worse than on the N770. And, unlike the N770, you could not install any application. The iPhone 1 was far from the revolution Apple want us to believe. It was just very good marketing. In retrospective, the N770 could have been a huge success had Nokia done some marketing at all. They did none. Another Linux on your mobile ============================ In 2008, Google launched its first phone which still had a physical keyboard. Instead of developing the software from scratch, Google used a Linux system initially developed as an embedded solution for cameras: Android. At the same time, Apple came to the realisation I had in 2005 that installing software was a key feature. The App Store was born. Phone, web browsing and custom applications, all on one device. Since 2005, people who had tried the N770 knew this was the answer. They simply did not expect it from Apple nor Google. When Android was first released, I thought it was what Maemo should have been. Because of the Linux kernel, I was thinking it would be a "free" operating system. I made a deep comparison with Maemo, diving into some part of the source code, and was surprised by some choices. Why Java? And why would Android avoid GStreamer in its multimedia stack? Technical explanations around that choice were not convincing. Years later, I would understand that this was not a technical choice: besides the Linux kernel itself, Google would explicitly avoid every GPL and LGPL licensed code. Android was only "free software" by accident. Gradually, the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) would be reduced to a mere skeleton while Android itself became more and more restricted and proprietary. In reaction to the iPhone and to Android, Nokia launched the N900 at the end of 2009. Eventually, the N900 was a phone. It even included an app store called, for unknown marketing reasons, "OVI store". The phone was good. The software was good, with the exception of the infamous OVI store (which was bad, had a bad name, a non-existent software offering and, worse of all, was conflicting with deb packages). The N900 would probably have taken the world by storm if released 3 years earlier. It would have been a success and a huge competitor to the iPhone if released 18 months before. Is it too late? The world seems to settle with an Apple/Google duopoly. A duopoly that could have been slightly shacked by the N900 if Nokia had done at least some marketing. It should be noted that the N900 had a physical keyboard. But, at that point, nobody really cared. When failing is not enough, dig deeper ====================================== At least, there was the Maemo platform. Four years of work. Something could be done with that. That’s why, in 2010, Nokia decided to… launch Meego, a new Linux platform which replaced the Debian infrastructure by RPMs and the GNOME infrastructure by Qt. No, really. Even if it was theoretically, the continuation of Maemo (Maemo 6, codenamed Harmattan, was released as Meego 1), it felt like starting everything from scratch with a Fedora+KDE system. Instead of a strong leadership, Meego was a medley of Linux Foundation, Intel, AMD and Nokia. Design by committee with red tape everywhere. From the outside, it looked like Nokia outsourced its own management incompetence and administrative hubris. The N9 phone would be released in 2011 without keyboard but with Meego. History would repeat itself two years later when people working on Meego (without Nokia) would replace it with Tizen. Yet another committee. From being three years ahead of the competition in 2005 thanks to Free Software, Nokia managed to become two years too late in 2010 thanks to incredibly bad management and choosing to hide its products instead of advertising them. I’ve no inside knowledge of what Nokia was at this time but my experience in the industry allows me to perfectly imagine the hundreds of meetings that probably happened at that time. When business decisions look like very bad management from the outside, it is often because they are. In the whole Europe at the time, technical expertise was seen as the realm of those who were not gifted enough to become managers. As a young engineer, I thought that managers from higher levels were pretentious and incompetent idiots. After climbing the ladder and becoming a manager myself, years later, I got the confirmation that I was even underestimating the sheer stupidity of management. It is not that most managers were idiots, they were also proud of their incompetence and, as this story would demonstrate, they sometimes need to become deeply dishonest to succeed. It looks like Nokia never really trusted its own Maemo initiative because no manager really understood what it was. To add insult to injury the company bought Symbian OS in 2008, an operating system which was already historical and highly limited at that time. Nodoby could figure out why they spent cash on that and why Symbian was suddenly an internal competitor to Maemo (Symbian was running on way cheaper devices). The emotional roller coster =========================== In 2006, I was certain that free software would take over the world. It was just a matter of time. Debian and GNOME would soon be on most desktop thanks to Ubuntu and on most mobile devices thanks to Maemo. There was no way for Microsoft to compete against such power. My wildest dreams were coming true. Five years later, the outlooadministrative hubris. The N9 phone would be released in 2011 without keyboard but with Meego.k was way darker. Apple was taking the lead by being even more proprietary and closed than Microsoft. Google seemed like good guys but could we trust them? Even Ubuntu was drifting away from its own Debian and GNOME roots. The communities I loved so much were now fragmented. Where would I go next? (to be continued) > Subscribe by email or by rss to get the next episodes of "20 years of Linux on the Desktop". > > I’m currently turning this story into a book. I’m looking for an agent or a publisher interested to work with me on this book and on an English translation of "Bikepunk", my new post-apocalyptic-cyclist typewritten novel which sold out in three weeks in France and Belgium.

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The Engagement Rehab
by Ploum.net (English posts only) 27 Feb '25

27 Feb '25

THE ENGAGEMENT REHAB by Ploum on 2025-02-27 https://ploum.net/2025-02-27-engagement-rehab.html I’ve written extensively, in French, about my quest to break my "connection addiction" by doing what I called "disconnections". At first, it was only doing three months without major news media and social networks. Then I tried to do one full year where I would only connect once a day. This proved to be too ambitious and failed around May when the amount of stuff that required me to be online (banking, travel booking, online meetings, …) became too high. À la recherche de la déconnexion parfaite (ploum.net) https://ploum.net/2025-02-11-deconnexion_parfaite.html But I’m not giving up. I started 2025 by buying a new office chair and pledging to never be connected in that chair. I disabled Wifi in the Bios of my laptop. To be online, I now need to use my laptop on my standing desk which has a RJ-45 cable. This means I can be connected whenever I want but I’m physically feeling the connection as standing up. There’s now a clear physical difference between "being online" and "being in my offline bubble". This doesn’t mean that I’m as super productive as I was dreaming. Instead of working on my current book project, I do lots of work on Offpunk, I draft blog posts like this one. Not great but, at least, I feel I’ve accomplished something at the end of the day. Hush is addicted to YouTube and reflects on spending 28 days without it. Like myself, they found themselves not that much productive but, at the very least, not feeling like shit at the end of the day. Reflection on Four Weeks without YouTube (hush) gemini://tilde.town/~hush/gemlog/2025-02-26.gmi I’ve read that post because being truly disconnected forces me to read more of what is in my Offpunk. My RSS feeds, my toread list and many gemlogs. This is basically how I start every day: Ploum’s workflow with Offpunk gemini://offpunk.net/workflow_ploum.gmi I’ve discovered that between 20 and 25% of what I read from online sources is from Gemini. It appears that I like "content" on Gemini. Historically, people were complaining that there was no content on Gemini, that most posts were about the protocol itself. There Is No Content on Gemini (ploum.net) https://ploum.net/2022-10-05-there-is-no-content-on-gemini.html Then there was a frenzy of posts about why social media were bad. And those are subtly replaced by some kind of self-reflection about our own habits, our owns addictions. Like this one about addiction to analytics: analytics are risky business (drmollytov.flounder.online) gemini://drmollytov.flounder.online/gemlog/2025-02-27.gmi That’s when it struck me: we are all addicted to engagement. On both sides. We like being engaged. We like seeing engagement on our own content. Gemini is an engagement rehab! While reading Gemini posts, I feel that I’m not alone being addicted to engagement, suffering from it and trying to find a solution. And when people in the real world starts, out of the blue, asking my opinion about Elon Musk’s latest declaration, it reminds me that the engagement addiction is not an individual problem but a societal one. Anyway, welcome to Gemini, welcome to rehab! I’m Ploum and I’m addicted to engagement.

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My colleague Julius
by Ploum.net (English posts only) 23 Dec '24

23 Dec '24

MY COLLEAGUE JULIUS by Ploum on 2024-12-23 https://ploum.net/2024-12-23-julius-en.html Traduction en français https://ploum.net/2024-12-23-julius-fr.html Do you know Julius? You certainly know who I’m talking about! I met Julius at university. A measured, friendly young man. He always wore a smile on his face. What struck me about Julius, aside from his always perfectly ironed clothes, was his ability to listen. He never interrupted me. He accepted gratefully when he was wrong. He answered questions without hesitation. He attended all the classes and often asked for our notes to "compare with his own" as he said. Then came the infamous computer project. As a team of students, we had to code a fairly complex system software using the C language. Julius took part in all our meetings but I don’t remember witnessing him write a single line of code. In the end, I think he did the report formatting. Which, to his credit, was very well done. Because of his charisma and elegance, Julius was the obvious choice to give the final presentation. He was so self-confident during the presentation that the professors didn’t immediately notice the problem. He had started talking about the C virtual machine used in our project. He even showed a slide with an unknown logo and several random screenshots which had nothing to do with anything known in computing. For those who don’t know about computing, C is a compiled language. It doesn’t need a virtual machine. Talking about a C virtual machine is like talking about the carburettor of an electric vehicle. It doesn’t make sense. I stood up, interrupted Julius and improvised by saying it was just a joke. “Of course!” said Julius, looking at me with a big smile. The jury was perplexed. But I saved the day. Throughout our studies, I’ve heard several professors discuss the “Julius case.” Some thought he was very good. Others said he was lacking a fundamental understanding. Despite failing some classes, he ended up graduating with me. After that, our paths went apart for several years. I’ve been working for nearly a decade at a large company where I had significant responsibilities. One day, my boss announced that recruiters had found a rare gem for our team. An extraordinary resume, he told me. From the perfect cut of his suit, I recognised Julius before seeing his face. Julius! My old classmate! If I had aged, he had matured. Still charismatic and self-assured. He now sported a slightly graying three-day beard that gave him an air of wise authority. He genuinely seemed happy to see me. We talked about the past and about our respective careers. Unlike me, Julius had never stayed very long in the same company. He usually left after a year, sometimes less. His resume was impressive: he had gained various experiences, touched on all areas of computing. Each time, he moved up in skills and salary. I would later discover that, while we held similar positions, he had been hired at twice my salary. He also got bonuses I didn’t even know existed. But I wasn’t aware of this aspect when we started working together. At first, I tried to train him on our projects and internal processes. I assigned him tasks on which he would ask me questions. Many questions, not always very relevant ones. With his characteristic calm and his signature smile. He took initiatives. Wrote code or documentation. He had answers to all the questions we could ask, regardless of the field. Sometimes it was very good, often mediocre or, in some cases, complete nonsense. It took us some time to understand that each of Julius’s contributions needed to be completely reviewed and corrected by another team member. If it was not our field of expertise, it had to be checked externally. We quickly had a non-written rule stating that no document from Julius should leave the team before being proofread by two of us. But Julius excelled in formatting, presentation, and meeting management. Regularly, my boss would come up to me and say, “We’re really lucky to have this Julius! What talent! What a contribution to the team!” I tried, without success, to explain that Julius understood nothing of what we were doing. That we had reached the point where we sent him to useless meetings to get rid of him for a few hours. But even that strategy had its limits. It took us a week of crisis management meetings to calm down a customer disappointed by an update of our software. We had to explain that, if Julius had promised that the interface would be simplified to have only one button that would do exactly what the client wanted, there was a misunderstanding. That aside from developing a machine that read minds, it was impossible to meet his complex needs with just one button. We decided to act when I heard Julius claim to a customer, panicked at the idea of being "hacked", that, for security reasons, our servers connected to the Internet had no IP address. We had to forbid him from meeting a client alone. For those who don’t know about computing, the "I" in IP address stands for Internet. The very definition of the Internet is the network of interconnected computers that have an IP address. Being on the Internet without an IP address is like claiming to be reachable by phone without having a phone number. The team was reorganised so that one of us was always responsible for keeping Julius occupied. I never wanted to speak ill of him because he was my friend. An exasperated programmer had no such restraint and exposed the problem to my boss. Who responded by accusing her of jealousy, as he was very satisfied with Julius’s work. She was reprimanded and resigned shortly after. Fortunately, Julius announced that he was leaving because he had received an offer he couldn’t refuse. He brought cakes to celebrate his last day with us. My boss and the entire human resources department were genuinely sad to see him go. I said goodbye to Julius and never saw him again. On his LinkedIn account, which is very active and receives hundreds of comments, the year he spent with us became an incredible experience. He hasn’t exaggerated anything. Everything is true. But his way of turning words and a kind of poorly concealed modesty gives the impression that he really contributed a lot to the team. He later became the deputy CEO then interim CEO of a startup that had just been acquired by a multinational. An economic newspaper wrote an article about him. After that episode, he joined the team of a secretary of state. A meteoric career! On my side, I tried to forget Julius. But, recently, my boss came to me with a huge smile. He had met the salesperson from a company that had amazed him with its products. Artificial intelligence software that would, I quote, boost our productivity! I now have an artificial intelligence software that helps me code. Another that helps me search for information. A third one that summarises and writes my emails. I am not allowed to disable them. At every moment, every second, I feel surrounded by Julius. By dozens of Juliuses. I have to work in a mist of Juliuses. Every click on my computer, every notification on my phone seems to come from Julius. My life is hell paved with Juliuses. My boss came to see me. He told me that the team’s productivity was dangerously declining. That we should use artificial intelligence more effectively. That we risked being overtaken by competitors who, without a doubt, were using the very latest artificial intelligence. That he had hired a consultant to install a new time and productivity management artificial intelligence. I started to cry. “Another Julius!” I sobbed. My boss sighed. He patted my shoulder and said, “I understand. I miss Julius too. He would certainly have helped us get through this difficult time.” Picture by Max Gruber/Better Images of AI https://betterimagesofai.org/images?artist=MaxGruber&title=Clickworker3d-pr…

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20 years of Linux on the Desktop (part 2)
by Ploum.net (English posts only) 16 Dec '24

16 Dec '24

20 YEARS OF LINUX ON THE DESKTOP (PART 2) by Ploum on 2024-12-16 https://ploum.net/2024-12-16-linux_desktop2.html > Previously in "20 years of Linux on the Deskop" : Looking to make the perfect desktop with GNOME and Debian, a young Ploum finds himself joining a stealth project called "no-name-yet". The project is later published under the name "Ubuntu". 20 years of Linux on the Desktop (part 1) https://ploum.net/2024-10-20-20years-linux-desktop-part1.html Flooded with Ubuntu CD-ROMs =========================== The first official Ubuntu release was 4.10. At that time, I happened to be the president of my University LUG: LouvainLiNux. LouvainLiNux was founded a few years before by Fabien Pinckaers, Anthony Lesuisse and Benjamin Henrion as an informal group of friends. After they graduated and left university, Fabien handled me all the archives, all the information and told me do continue the work while he was running his company that would, much later, becomes Odoo. With my friend Bertrand Rousseau, we decided to make Louvain-Li-Nux a formal and enduring organisation known as "KAP" (Kot-à-Projet). Frédéric Minne designed the logo by putting the student hat ("calotte") of Fabien on a penguin clipart. Louvain-Li-Nux https://www.louvainlinux.org/ In 2005 and 2006, we worked really hard to organise multiple install parties and conferences. We were also offering resources and support. At a time where broadband Internet was not really common, the best resource to install GNU/Linux was an installation CD-ROM. Thanks to Mark Shuttleworth’s money, Ubuntu was doing something unprecedented: sending free CD-ROMs of Ubuntu to anyone requesting them. Best of all: the box contained two CD-ROMs. A live image and an installation CD. Exactly how I dreamed it (I’m not sure if the free CD- ROMs started with 4.10, 5.04 or even 5.10). I managed to get Louvain-Li-Nux recognised as an official Ubuntu distributor and we started to receive boxes full of hundreds of CD-ROMs with small cardboard dispensers. We had entire crates of Ubuntu CD-ROMs. It was the easiest to install. It was the one I knew the best and I had converted Bertrand (before Fabien taught me about Debian, Bertrand tried to convert me to Mandrake, which he was using himself. He nevertheless spent the whole night with me when I installed Debian for the first time, not managing to configure the network because the chipset of my ethernet card was not the same as the one listed on the box of said card. At the time, you had to manually choose which module to load. It was another era, kids these days don’t know what they are missing). With Louvain-Li-Nux, we literally distributed hundreds of CD-ROMs. I’ve myself installed Ubuntu on tenths of computers. It was not always easy as the market was pivoting from desktop computers to laptops. Laptops were starting to be affordable and powerful enough. But laptops came with exotic hardware, wifi, Bluetooth, power management, sleep, hibernate, strange keyboard keys and lots of very complex stuff that you don’t need to handle on a desktop computer with a RJ-45 hole. Sound was a hard problem. I remember spending hours on a laptop before realising there was a hardware switch. To play multiple sounds at the same time, you needed to launch a daemon called ESD. Our frustration with ESD would lead Bertrand and I to trap Lennart Poetering in a cave in Brussels to spend the whole night drinking beers with him while swearing we would wear a "we love Lennart" t-shirt during FOSDEM in order to support is new Polypaudio project that was heavily criticised at the time. Spoiler: we never did the t-shirt thing but Polypaudio was renamed Pulseaudio and succeeded without our support. Besides offering beers to developers, I reported all the bugs I experienced and worked hard with Ubuntu developers. If I remember correctly, I would, at some point, even become the head of the "bug triaging team" (if such a position ever existed. It might be that someone called me like that to flatter my ego). Selected as a student for the Google Summer of Code, I created a python client for Launchpad called "Conseil". Launchpad had just replaced Bugzilla but, as I found out after starting Conseil, was not open source and had no API. I learned web scrapping and was forced to update Conseil each time something changed on Launchpad side. The most important point about Bugzilla and Launchpad was the famous bug #1. Bug #1, reported by sabdfl himself, was about breaking Microsoft monopoly. It could be closed once it would be considered that any computer user could freely choose which operating system to use on a newly bought computer. The very first book about Ubuntu ================================ Meanwhile, I was contacted by a French publisher who stumbled upon my newly created blog that I mainly used to profess my love of Ubuntu and Free Software. Yes, the very blog you are currently reading. That French publisher had contracted two authors to write a book about Ubuntu and wanted my feedback about the manuscript. I didn’t really like what I read and said it bluntly. Agreeing with me, the editor asked me to write a new book, using the existing material if I wanted. But the two other authors would remain credited and the title could not be changed. I naively agreed and did the work, immersing myself even more in Ubuntu. The result was « Ubuntu, une distribution facile à installer », the very first book about Ubuntu. I hated the title. But, as I have always dreamed of becoming a published author, I was proud of my first book. And it had a foreword by Mark Shuttleworth himself. I updated and rewrote a lot of it in 2006, changing its name to "Ubuntu Efficace". A later version was published in 2009 as "Ubuntu Efficace, 3ème édition". During those years, I was wearing Ubuntu t-shirts. In my room, I had a collection of CD-ROMs with each Ubuntu version (I would later throw them, something I still regret). I bootstrapped "Ubuntu- belgium" at FOSDEM. I had ploum(a)ubuntu.com as my primary email on my business card and used it to look for jobs, hoping to set the tone. You could say that I was an Ubuntu fanatic. The very first Ubuntu-be meeting. I took the picture and gimped a quick logo. https://ploum.net/files/old/ubuntube_fosdem.jpg Ironically, I was never paid by Canonical and never landed a job there. The only money I received for that work was from my books or from Google through the Summer of Code (remember: Google was still seen as a good guy). I would later work for Lanedo and be paid to contribute to GNOME and LibreOffice. But never to contribute to Ubuntu nor Debian. In the Ubuntu and GNOME community with Jeff Waugh ================================================= Something which was quite new to me was that Ubuntu had a "community manager". At the time, it was not the title of someone posting on Twitter (which didn’t exist). It was someone tasked with putting the community together, with being the public face of the project. Jeff Waugh is the first Ubuntu community manager I remember and I was blown away by his charism. Jeff came from the GNOME project and one of his pet issues was to make computers easier. He started a trend that would, way later, gives birth to the infamous GNOME 3 design. You have to remember that the very first fully integrated desktop on Linux was KDE. And KDE had a very important problem: it was relying on the Qt toolkit which, at the time, was under a non-free license. You could not use Qt in a commercial product without paying Trolltech, the author of Qt. GNOME was born as an attempt by Miguel de Icaza and Federico Mena to create a KDE-like desktop using the free toolkit created for the Gimp image editor: Gtk. This is why I liked to make the joke that the G in GNOME stands for Gtk, that the G in Gtk stands for Gimp, that the G in Gimp stands for GNU and that the G in GNU stands for GNU. This is not accurate as the G in GNOME stands for GNU but this makes the joke funnier. We, free software geeks, like to have fun. Like its KDE counterpart, GNOME 1 was full of knobs and whistles. Everything could be customised to the pixel and to the milliseconds. Jeff Waugh often made fun of it by showing the preferences boxes and asking the audience who wanted to customise a menu animation to the millisecond. GNOME 1 was less polished than KDE and heavier than very simple window managers like Fvwm95 or Fvwm2 (my WM of choice before I started my quest for the perfect desktop). Screenshot from my FVWM2 config which is still featured on fvwm.org, 21 years later https://ploum.net/files/fvwm.jpg With GNOME 2, GNOME introduced its own paradigm and philosophy: GNOME would be different from KDE by being less customisable but more intuitive. GNOME 2 opened a new niche in the Linux world: a fully integrated desktop for those who don’t want to tweak it. KDE was for those wanting to customise everything. The most popular distributions featured KDE: Mandrake, Red Hat, Suse. The RPM world. There was no real GNOME centric distribution. And there was no desktop distribution based on Debian. As Debian was focused on freedom, there was no KDE in Debian. Which explains why GNOME + Debian made a lot of sense in my mind. As Jeff Waugh had been the GNOME release manager for GNOME 2 and was director of the GNOME board, having him as the first Ubuntu community manager set the tone: Ubuntu would be very close to GNOME. And it is exactly what happened. There was a huge overlap between GNOME and Ubuntu enthusiasts. As GNOME 2 would thrive and get better with each release, Ubuntu would follow. But some people were not happy. While some Debian developers had been hired by Canonical to make Ubuntu, some others feared that Ubuntu was a kind of Debian fork that would weaken Debian. Similarly, Red Hat had been investing lot of time and money in GNOME. I’ve never understood why, as Qt was released under the GPL in 2000, making KDE free, but Red Hat wanted to offer both KDE and GNOME. It went as far as tweaking both of them so they would look perfectly identical when used on Red Hat Linux. Red Hat employees were the biggest pool of contributors to GNOME. There was a strong feeling in the atmosphere that Ubuntu was piggybacking on the work of Debian and Red Hat. I didn’t really agree as I thought that Ubuntu was doing a lot of thankless polishing and marketing work. I liked the Ubuntu community and was really impressed by Jeff Waugh. Thanks to him, I entered the GNOME community and started to pay attention to user experience. He was inspiring and full of energy. Drinking a beer with Jeff Waugh and lots of hackers at FOSDEM. I’m the one with the red sweater. https://ploum.net/files/old/fosdem_jdub.jpg Benjamin Mako Hill ================== What I didn’t realise at the time was that Jeff Waugh’s energy was not in infinite supply. Mostly burned out by his dedication, he had to step down and was replaced by Benjamin Mako Hill. That’s, at least, how I remember it. A quick look at Wikipedia told me that Jeff Waugh and Benjamin Mako Hill were, in fact, working in parallel and that Jeff Waugh was not the community manager but an evangelist. It looks like I’ve been wrong all those years. But I choose to stay true to my own experience as I don’t want to write a definitive and exhaustive history. Benjamin Mako Hill was not a GNOME guy. He was a Debian and FSF guy. He was focused on the philosophical aspects of free software. His intellectual influence would prove to have a long-lasting effect on my own work. I remember fondly that he introduced the concept of "anti- features" to describe the fact that developers are sometimes working to do something against their own users. They spend energy to make the product worse. Examples include advertisement in apps or limited-version software. But it is not limited to software: Benjamin Mako Hill took the example of benches designed so you can’t sleep on them, to prevent homeless person to take a nap. It is obviously more work to design a bench that prevents napping. The whole anti-feature concept would be extended and popularised twenty years later by Cory Doctorow under the term "enshitification". Benjamin Mako Hill introduced a code of conduct in the Ubuntu community and made the community very aware of the freedom and philosophical aspects. While I never met him, I admired and still admire Benjamin. I felt that, with him at the helm, the community would always stay true to its ethical value. Bug #1 was the leading beacon: offering choice to users, breaking monopolies. Jono Bacon ========== But the one that would have the greatest influence on the Ubuntu community is probably Jono Bacon who replaced Benjamin Mako Hill. Unlike Jeff Waugh and Benjamin Mako Hill, Jono Bacon had no Debian nor GNOME background. As far as I remember, he was mostly unknown in those communities. But he was committed to communities in general and had very great taste in music. I’m forever grateful for introducing me to Airbourne. With what feels like an immediate effect but probably lasted months or years, the community mood switched from engineering/geek discussions to a cheerful, all-inclusive community. It may look great on the surface but I hated it. The GNOME, Debian and early Ubuntu communities were shared-interest communities. You joined the community because you liked the project. The communities were focused on making the project better. With Jono Bacon, the opposite became true. The community was great and people joined the project because they liked the community, the sense of belonging. Ubuntu felt each day more like a church. The project was seen as less important than the people. Some aspects would not be discussed openly not to hurt the community. I felt every day less and less at home in the Ubuntu community. Decisions about the project were taken behind closed doors by Canonical employees and the community transformed from contributors to unpaid cheerleaders. The project to which I contributed so much was every day further away from Debian, from freedom, from openness and from its technical roots. But people were happy because Jono Bacon was such a good entertainer. Something was about to break… (to be continued) > Subscribe by email or by rss to get the next episodes of "20 years of Linux on the Desktop". > > I’m currently turning this story into a book. I’m looking for an agent or a publisher interested to work with me on this book and on an English translation of "Bikepunk", my new post-apocalyptic-cyclist typewritten novel which sold out in three weeks in France and Belgium.

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20 years of Linux on the Desktop (part 1)
by Ploum.net (English posts only) 20 Oct '24

20 Oct '24

20 YEARS OF LINUX ON THE DESKTOP (PART 1) by Ploum on 2024-10-20 https://ploum.net/2024-10-20-20years-linux-desktop-part1.html Twenty years ago, I had an epiphany: Linux was ready for the desktop. (*audience laughs*) I had been one of those teenagers invited everywhere to "fix" the computer. Neighbours, friends, family. Yes, that kind of nerdy teenager. You probably know what I mean. But I was tired of installing cracked antivirus and cleaning infested Microsoft Windows computers, their RAM full of malware, their CPU slowing to a crawl, with their little power LED begging me to alleviate their suffering. Tired of being an unpaid Microsoft support technician, I offered people to install Linux on their computer, with my full support, or to never talk with me about their computer any more. To my surprise, some accepted the Linux offer. I started to always have two CD-ROMs with me: the latest Knoppix and Debian Woody. I would first launch Knoppix, the first Live CD Linux, make a demonstration to my future victims and, more importantly, save the autogenerated XFree86 config file. I would then install Debian. When X would fail to start after installation, which was a given, I would copy the X config file from Knoppix, install GNOME 2 and OpenOffice from the testing repository and start working on what needed to be done. Like installing and launching ESD by default to allow multiple sounds. Configuring the network which was, most of the time, a USB ADSL modem requiring some proprietary firmware that I would have downloaded beforehand. I would also create some shell scripts for common operations: connect to Internet, mount the USB camera, etc. I put those scripts on the GNOME desktop so people could simply click to launch them. In some cases, I would make a quick Zenity interface. It was a lot of work upfront but, after that, it worked. People were using their computer for months or years without messing or breaking anything. Most of my complains were about running some windows software (like those on CD-ROM founds in cereal boxes). With GNOME 2.0, I felt that Linux was ready for the desktop. It was just really hard to install. And that could be fixed. The Perfect Desktop =================== I had my own public wiki (called the FriWiki) with a few regular contributors. On it, I wrote a long text called: "Debian+GNOME=The Perfect Desktop?". It explained my observations and all the problems that needed to be fixed. As I wanted to improve the situation, I described how the installation should autodetect everything, like Knoppix did. I also suggested to have a LiveCD and an Installation CD that would be totally mirroring each other so you could test then install. In a perfect world, you could install directly from the LiveCD but I didn’t know if it was technically possible. That installation should also offer standard partitions schemes, autodetect and preserve the Windows partition so people would not be afraid of messing their system. Installation was not everything. I suggested that the user created during installation should automatically have root rights. I had learned that two passwords were really too high of a bar for most if not for all people. I don’t remember anyone understanding the "root" concept. Systems with multiple users were too complex to teach so I ended in every case with a single whole family account. The fact that this single account was prevented from doing some stuff on the computer was baffling. Especially for trivial things such as mounting a CD-ROM or a USB key. Speaking of root: installing software could be really more friendly. I imagined a synaptic-like interface which would only display main applications (not all packages) with screenshots, descriptions and reviews. I did some mockups and noted that the hardest parts would probably be the selection and the translation. I’ve lost those mockups but, in my souvenirs, they were incredibly close of what app stores would become years later. I, of course, insisted on installing ESD by default to multiplex sound, to include all the multimedia codecs, lbdvdcss and all possible firmware (called "drivers" at the time) in case hardware is added later. I had pages and pages of detailed analysis of every single aspect I wanted to be improved to make Linux ready for the desktop. With 2.0, GNOME switched to a bi-yearly release. Every six months, a new GNOME desktop would be released, no matter what. I thought it would be a nice idea to have the underlying OS released just after, to be kept in sync. But every six months was probably a bit too much work and people I knew would not upgrade as often anyway. So I advocated for a yearly release where the version number would be the full year. This would greatly help people to understand what version they were running. Like in "I’m running Linux Desktop 2003". UserLinux ========= When you have a good idea, it’s probably because this idea is already in the zeitgeist of the time. I don’t believe in "ownership" or even "stealing" when it’s about ideas. Bruce Perens himself was thinking about the subject. He decided to launch UserLinux, an initiative that had the goal of doing exactly what I had in mind. I immediately joined the project and started to be a very vocal member, always referring to my "Perfect Desktop" essay. I wanted UserLinux to succeed. If Bruce Perens was behind it, it could not not succeed, right? A mockup of the UserLinux desktop (GNOME 2.0 with a custom theme) https://ploum.net/files/userlinux.jpg Unfortunately, most of UserLinux people were, like me, talking a lot but not doing much. The only active member was an artist who designed a logo and started to create multiple GNOME themes. It was great. And lots of discussions about how to make the theme even better ensued. This is how I learned about "bike shedding". UserLinux was the ultimate bikeshedded project. To my knowledge, no code was ever written. In fact, it was not even clear what code should be written at all. After launching the initial idea, Bruce Perens was mostly discussing with us, everybody waiting for someone to "do something". No-name-yet =========== At the start of 2004, I was contacted by Sébastien Bacher, a Debian developer who told me that he had read my "Perfect Desktop" essay months ago and forwarded it to someone who had very similar ideas. And lots of money. So much money that they were already secretly working on it and, now that it was starting to take shape, they were interested in my feedback about the very alpha version. I, of course, agreed and was excited. This is how I joined a mysterious project called "no-name-yet" with a nonameyet.com website and an IRC channel. While discussing about the project and learning it in great depth, my greatest fear was that it would become a fork of Debian. I felt strongly that one should not fork Debian lightly. Instead, it should be more a few packages and metapackages that would sit on top of Debian. Multiple people in the team assured me that the goal was to cooperate with Debian, not to fork it. At one point, I strongly argued with someone on IRC whose nick was "sabdfl". Someone else asked me in private if I knew who it was. I didn’t. That’s how I learned that the project was funded by Mark Shuttleworth himself. Dreaming of being an astronaut, I was a huge fan of Mark Shuttleworth. The guy was an astronaut but was also a free software supporter. I knew him from the days when he tried to offer bounties to improve free software like Thunderbird. Without much success. But I was surprised to learn that Mark had also been a Debian developer. This guy was my hero (and still kinda is). He represented all of my dreams: an astronaut, a debian developer and a billionaire (in my order of importance). Years later, I would meet him once in the hall of an Ubuntu Summit. He was typing on his laptop, looked at me and I could not say anything other than "Hello". And that was it. But I’m proud to say that his hackergothi on planet.ubuntu.com is still the one I designed for him as a way to celebrate his space flight. sabdfl’s hackergotchi, designed by yours, truly https://ploum.net/files/sabdfl.png During the spring or early summer of 2004, I received a link to the very first alpha version of no-name-yet. Which, suddenly, had a real name. And I liked it: Ubuntu. I installed Ubuntu on a partition to test. Quickly, I found myself using it daily, forgetting about my Debian partition. It was brown. Very brown at first. A bit later, it even got naked people on the login screen (and I defended sabdfl for this controversial decision). Instead of studying for my exams, I started to do lengthy reports about what could be improved, about bugs I found, etc. The first Ubuntu login picture with three half-naked people looking toward the sky. Some alpha versions were with even fewer clothes. https://ploum.net/files/old/login.png This makes me one of the very few people on earth who started to use Ubuntu with 4.04 (it was not named like that, of course). Wanting to promote Ubuntu and inspired by Tristan Nitot, I decided to start a blog. A blog which, coincidentally, was started the very same day the first public Ubuntu was released, exactly twenty years ago. A blog you are reading right now. And this was just the beginning… (to be continued) > Subscribe by email or by rss to get the next episodes of "20 years of Linux on the Desktop". > > I’m currently turning this story into a book. I’m looking for an agent or a publisher interested to work with me on this book and on an English translation of "Bikepunk", my new post-apocalyptic-cyclist typewritten novel.

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On Open Source and the Sustainability of the Commons
by Ploum.net (English posts only) 01 Jul '24

01 Jul '24

ON OPEN SOURCE AND THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE COMMONS by Ploum on 2024-07-01 https://ploum.net/2024-07-01-opensource_sustainability.html TL;DR: put your open source code under the AGPL license. Much have been said about the need to pay Open Source developers for their work and the fact that huge corporations use open source software without contributing back. Most articles I’ve been reading on the subject completely miss the mark. Plenty of commentators try to reinvent some kind of "free software but with forced contributions" or "free software but non-commercial". Those are naive and wrong. If you impose limitations, it’s, by definition, not free software anymore. The problem is not about Open Source or Free Software. The problem is everything else. Open Source utopia, as envisioned until the first decade of this millennium, was to create a huge, powerful stack of open-source software that would serve as the foundations of any human endeavour. Including building businesses or, for some, proprietary products. Free Software would be part of the commons, a huge natural pool of resources. Every business would be small in comparison. Just like we allowed private companies to sell water (a common good) thinking the companies would be small compared to the nearly infinite supply of water. We were naive. What we got is more or less the opposite: huge monopolistic corporations and lots of small fragmented free software pieces that connect them. Bottled soda factories pumping so much water that whole populations start to suffer from the lack of fresh water and, as a consequence, being forced to buy bottled water. Technically, Open Source won. Politically, it lost. The reason is simple: it was easier to build consensus around technical solutions, washing away political implications that were seen as out of scope or too hard to agree. Every megacorporation is now built on top of free software. But they managed to make it effectively proprietary by hiding their code behind web interfaces. When publicly distributed, the open-source code is hidden behind layers of indirection bypassing any packaging/integration effort, relying instead on virtualisation and downloading dependencies on the fly. Thanks to those strategies, corporations could benefit from open source code without any consequence. The open source code is, anyway, mostly hosted and developed on proprietary platforms. Even hardcore free software geeks now use some dependencies/plugins mechanisms that are hardcoded to only look at Github. Through nested dependencies, millions of people are running code directly downloaded from Github without even realising it. We need to talk about your Github addiction (ploum.net) https://ploum.net/2023-02-22-leaving-github.html Due to the original open-source utopia paradigm, every time a developer push free code on Github, she feels like she’s contributing to the commons. But, effectively, she’s pushing code into production in hundreds of exploitive corporate projects. When a problem occurs, per corporate tradition, pressure and blame fall on the maintainer. Even if that maintainer is not on the payroll. Paying the Maintainer Makes the Problem Worse ============================================= That will be an extremely unpopular opinion but I’m convinced that paying the contributor/maintainer a dime is not the solution. It worsen the situation. It acknowledges the responsibility of the aforementioned maintainer and legitimises the exploitation. We need to remember that most (if not all) free software is provided, "without liability". That rule should be enforced. We should not care about corporations. If there was no support contract prior hand, let them burn. Trying to force corporations to pay the maintainer is like trying to force landlords to pay firefighters only if their house is burning. Or agreeing that a factory should give a small tip to volunteers cleaning the river it is polluting. Paid and unpaid open source developers are pressed into providing a support they never promised in the first time. So they ask companies for mandatory contributions, something they explicitly refused when they licensed their code. So, what can we do? In the short term, it’s very simple. If you care about the commons, you should put your work under a strong copyleft license like the AGPL. That way, we will get back to building that commons we lost because of web services. If someone ever complains that a web service broke because of your AGPL code, reply that the whole web service should be under the AGPL too. We were tricked into thinking that BSD or MIT licences were "freer" like we were tricked into believing that building a polluting factory next to our local river would be "good for the economy". It is a scam. A lot of unpaid or badly paid developers would probably benefit from switching to a copyleft license but they use BSD/MIT because they see themselves are "temporary embarrassed software millionaires". We should also actively fight against automatic installation of recursive dependencies. No, it is not normal and no sanely engineered system should do this. We should not trust the Microsoft-owned Github to distribute software. A git repository is a development tool, not a distribution mechanism for end users. Something the Great Ancients understood fully when they started projects like BSD, Debian or Red Hat which are called… "distributions". Yes, the "D" in BSD stand for "distribution". It is not by accident that those distributions care a lot about the license of the software they distribute. Get Rid of Monopolies ===================== In the long term, the root causes of most of our problems are the monopolistic corporations. Without them, we would not have this discussion. There’s a generational divide here. Brilliant coders now on the market or in the free software space have never known a world without Google, Facebook and Github. Their definition of software is "something running in the browser". Even email is, for them, a synonym for the proprietary messaging system called "Gmail" or "Outlook". They contribute to FLOSS on Github while chatting on Slack or Discord, sharing specifications on Google Drive and advertising their project on Twitter/X. They also often have an iPhone and a Mac because "shiny". They cannot imagine an alternative world where monopolies would not be everywhere. They feel that having nice Github and Linkedin profiles where they work for free is the only hope they have to escape unemployment. Who can blame them? They cannot imagine a world without monopolies. They don’t search, they Google, they don’t shop online, they go on Amazon, they don’t read a book but a Kindle, they don’t take a coffee but a Starbucks. For them, politics is only a source of conflicts, a naughty word. As they start to understand that they are exploited by those omnipotent deities, they see only one way to make it acceptable: ask, through one of those deities (Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn), to be paid. They understand that they are two classes of coders in the world: those who are exploited without being paid and those who are paid to be exploited. A bit or even more in some cases. While a few hands keep all the power. What elderly, like myself, should teach them, is that there are many alternatives. We can live without Google, Facebook Microsoft, Apple, Amazon. We can write code which is not on Github, which doesn’t run on an Amazon server and which is not displayed in a Google browser. We should also insist that every piece of technology is, by essence, political. That you cannot understand technology without understanding the people. And you cannot understand people without understanding politics. Every choice you made has an impact on the world. At the turn of the century, the free software community was focused on fighting Microsoft monopoly. We even joined force with Google and Apple to fight Microsoft. We completely failed. We helped build a world where mostly everything is "Microsofted", "Googled" and "Iphonized". All of this made possible thanks to open source and millions of hours worked for free by people who contributed to what we thought was "the commons". The lesson we learned is harsh: we can never trust corporations with anything. They destroyed our oceans, our atmosphere and our politics. There’s no reason to trust them with our software, our privacy and our daily lives. In the long term, our only hope is to build stronger commons. Every day, we must fight to protect and improve the commons while letting corporations have as little power as we can over it and over our lives. If you are a creator or a coder, you can do it today by adopting copyleft licenses and enforcing them as much as you can. Put your open source code under the AGPL license! Photo by Nick Karvounis https://unsplash.com/fr/photos/man-cleaning-shoe-of-another-man-near-white-…

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List check. Please disregard
by Ploum.net (English posts only) 10 Apr '24

10 Apr '24

List check for en(a)listes.ploum.net Please disregard this test message.

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